yemenjmedYemen Journal of MedicinecoVolume 5 Issue 2MultidisciplinaryEnglishMay-August 2026NNY20260625ArticlePattern, Management, and Outcomes of Head Injury Patients in Northwestern Nigeria, Sokoto: A 1-Year Retrospective Hospital-Based StudyEnglishY397404AbubakarYahaya1EnglishNAliyu MuhammadKoko1EnglishYNasiru JinjiriIsmail1EnglishYAliLasseini1EnglishYHaliruLadan1EnglishYAliyuLadan2EnglishYBello BalaShehu1EnglishY10.63475/yjm.v5i2.0402Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability globally, with the greatest burden occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence from northwestern Nigeria remains limited. This study evaluated the epidemiological profile, management patterns, clinical outcomes, and predictors of poor outcomes among patients with traumatic head injury treated at a tertiary neurosurgical center. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted among patients admitted with traumatic head injury between January and December 2023 at the Regional Centre for Neurosurgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. Demographic, clinical, radiological, treatment, and outcome data were extracted from medical records. Outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge and categorized as favorable (GOS, 4–5) or poor (GOS, 1–3). Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of poor outcomes. Results: A total of 120 patients were included. Males represented 81.7% of cases, and individuals aged 21 to 39 years accounted for 38.3%. Road traffic accidents were the leading mechanism of injury (60.0%). Moderate TBI was the most common presentation (43.3%), while 28.3% of patients underwent surgery. Overall, 61.7% achieved favorable outcomes, whereas 38.3% experienced poor outcomes, including 15.0% mortality. Independent predictors of poor outcome included severe Glasgow Coma Scale at admission, age ≥60 years, seizure occurrence, abnormal computed tomography findings, and surgical intervention. Conclusions: Traumatic head injury predominantly affects young adult males and is largely attributable to road traffic accidents. Injury severity at presentation remains the strongest predictor of poor outcome. Strengthening injury prevention strategies, improving prehospital care, and expanding neurosurgical and rehabilitation services may improve outcomes in this setting.EnglishTraumatic brain injury, head injury, Glasgow Coma Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale, road traffic accidents, Nigeriahttps://www.yemenjmed.com/admin/abstract?id=424References1619