yemenjmedYemen Journal of MedicinecoVolume 4 Issue 1MultidisciplinaryEnglishJanuary- April 2025NNY20250524ArticleHemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Associated with Mixed Malaria Infection in a Libyan Infant: A rare Case ReportEnglishY181184AbdulhakimAlataweel1EnglishNAmlHabas2EnglishYElmukhtar Habas3EnglishYAmnnaRayani4EnglishY10.63475/yjm.v4i1.0109Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a distinct medical condition characterized by symptoms such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and the presence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow and other organs. HLH can be classified as either hereditary or secondary, linked to various infections, autoimmune disorders, or cancers. The occurrence of malaria-associated HLH in newborns is considered rare. This report details a case involving a newborn diagnosed with mixed-type malaria complicated by HLH. The diagnosis was delayed because of the rare occurrence of malaria infections in Libya, which the treating clinicians did not initially take into account. The patient received supportive care and antimalarial treatment, which yielded excellent results, and was subsequently discharged from the hospital.  EnglishMixed Malaria, Secondary Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), HLH, Malaria-associated HLH.https://www.yemenjmed.com/admin/abstract?id=161References1619Wu Y, Sun X, Kang K, Yang Y, Li H, Zhao A, et al. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: current treatment advances, emerging targeted therapy and underlying mechanisms. J Hematol Oncol. 2024;17(1):106.Janka GE. Familial and acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:233and;ndash;46.Philadelphia TCH of. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) [Internet]. The Childrenand;rsquo;s Hospital of Philadelphia; 2014 [Accessed May 2025]. Available from: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-hlh/.WHO: World malaria report. 2011, World Health Organization, GenevaMacdonald G. The analysis of malaria parasite rates in infants. Trop Dis Bull. 1950, 47: 915-38.Brabin B. An analysis of malaria parasite rates in infants: 40 years after Macdonald. Trop Dis Bull. 1990;87: 1-21.Sehgal VM, Siddjiqui WA, Alpers MP. A seroepidemiological study to evaluate the role of passive maternal immunity to malaria in infants. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989, 83:105-6.libya_2012.pdf [Internet]. [Accessed 2025 Feb]. https://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/rbm/documents/malaria_profiles_2012/libya_2012.pdf?ua=1.Orth HM, Wiemer D, Schneitler S, Schand;ouml;nfeld A, Holtfreter MC, Gliga S, et al. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-how common and how severe is it as a complication of malaria? Retrospective case series and review of the literature. Infection. 2024;52(2):471-482.and;nbsp;Zhou X, Duan ML. Malaria-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report. World J Clin Cases. 2021 Aug 6;9(22):6403-6409.and;nbsp;