yemenjmedYemen Journal of MedicinecoVolume 3 Issue 3MultidisciplinaryEnglishSeptember- December 2024NNY20251215ArticleEpstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder mimicking Hodgkin’s lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: a case report and literature reviewEnglishY247251Sumaira KanwalRafiqui1EnglishNMamunulIslam2EnglishY10.18231/j.yjom.2024.027Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common infectious agent associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). This case report discusses a 24-year-old immunocompetent African male presenting with a five-month history of persistent high-grade fever, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly. Initial diagnostic evaluations, including bone marrow biopsy, suggested Hodgkin lymphoma; however, further lymph node biopsy, repeated bone marrow biopsy and comprehensive clinical assessment confirmed EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with HLH. This case underscores the importance of thorough diagnostic approaches, incorporating multiple biopsy sites and advanced imaging, to differentiate between EBV-associated HLH and hematological malignancies such as lymphomas. Enhanced clinical awareness and understanding of HLH's diverse presentations are essential for timely diagnosis and effective management.EnglishHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), Epstein-Bar Virus (EBV), lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD).https://www.yemenjmed.com/admin/abstract?id=132References1619Mărginean MO, Molnar E, Chinceşan MI. Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a small child: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jan;99(3):e18759.Ponnatt TS, Lilley CM, Mirza KM. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2022 Apr 1;146(4):507-519Al-Samkari H, Berliner N. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2018 Jan 24;13:27-49.Eligio P, Delia R, Valeria G. EBV chronic infections. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2010;2: e2010022.Xing Y, Yang J, Lian G, Chen S, Chen L, Li F. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with hemophagocytic syndrome and extra-nodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in an 18-year-old girl: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 May;96(19):e6845Ghose A, Yellu M, Wise-Draper T, Sharma D, Qualtieri J, Latif T, Medlin S. Lymphoma presenting as secondary HLH: a review with a tale of two cases. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014 Dec;14(6):e187-93El-Mallawany NK, Curry CV, Allen CE. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Epstein-Barr virus: a complex relationship with diverse origins, expression and outcomes. Br J Haematol 2022;196:31-44Bahethi R, Gray M, Salib C, Likhterov I. Lymphoma Mimicking Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus: A Case Report. Head Neck Pathol. 2020 Dec;14(4):1028-1031.Zehr B, Brannock K, Wyma R, Kahwash SB. Differentiating fulminant EBV infection complicated by HLH from Lymphoma: report of a case and a brief literature review. Diagn Pathol. 2023 Feb 22;18(1):28.Xu L, Ba H, Lin H, Zhong L, Li S, Tang W, et al. A new therapy in Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease: a case report and a revision of the literature. Ital J Pediatr. 2019 Nov 4;45(1):135.